Drug targets herpes simplex epstein barr virus infections

Hierro L. Efficacy and safety of valganciclovir in liver-transplanted children infected with Epstein—Barr virus. Liver Transpl. Cohen M. Epstein—Barr virus lytic cycle involvement in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Jones R. Roles of lytic viral infection and IL-6 in early versus late passage lymphoblastoid cell lines and EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease.

Epstein—Barr virus lytic infection is required for efficient production of the angiogenesis factor vascular endothelial growth factor in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Beatty P. Activity and mechanism of action of HDVD, a novel pyrimidine nucleoside derivative with high levels of selectivity and potency against gammaherpesviruses. Ville S. Impact of antiviral prophylaxis in adults Epstein—Barr Virus-seronegative kidney recipients on early and late post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder onset: A retrospective cohort study.

No effect of treatment with intravenous ganciclovir on Epstein—Barr virus viremia demonstrated after pediatric liver transplantation. Gill H. Valganciclovir suppressed Epstein Barr virus reactivation during immunosuppression with alemtuzumab. Yager J. Snoeck R. Andrei G. Insights into the mechanism of action of cidofovir and other acyclic nucleoside phosphonates against polyoma- and papillomaviruses and non-viral induced neoplasia.

Yoshizaki T. Treatment of locally recurrent Epstein—Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma using the anti-viral agent cidofovir. Neyts J. The antiviral agent cidofovir [ S 3-hydroxyphosphonyl-methoxypropyl cytosine] has pronounced activity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma grown in nude mice. Wakisaka N. Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors enhance cidofovir-induced apoptosis in EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts. Abdulkarim B. Afshar K. Schneider U. Regression of Epstein—Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome during therapy with foscarnet.

Biron K. Potent and selective inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication by W94, a benzimidazole L-riboside with a unique mode of action. Zacny V. Inhibition of Epstein—Barr virus replication by a benzimidazole L-riboside: Novel antiviral mechanism of 5, 6-dichloro isopropylamino beta-L-ribofuranosyl-1H-benzimidazole.

Prichard M. Function of human cytomegalovirus UL97 kinase in viral infection and its inhibition by maribavir. Chou S. Cytomegalovirus UL97 mutations affecting cyclopropavir and ganciclovir susceptibility. Sharma M. Lurain N. Antiviral drug resistance of human cytomegalovirus. Cytomegalovirus UL97 mutations in the era of ganciclovir and maribavir. Cyclopropavir susceptibility of cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase mutants selected after antiviral drug exposure.

Cytomegalovirus UL97 kinase catalytic domain mutations that confer multidrug resistance. Winston D. Efficacy and safety of maribavir dosed at mg orally twice daily for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter controlled trial. Marty F. Maribavir prophylaxis for prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in recipients of allogeneic stem-cell transplants: A phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.

Griffiths P. Wang F. Efficient production of infectious viruses requires enzymatic activity of Epstein—Barr virus protein kinase. Whitehurst C. Meng Q. Qiu Y. Synthesis and enantioselectivity of the antiviral effects of R,Z -, S,Z -methylenecyclopropane analogues of purine nucleosides and phosphoralaninate prodrugs: Influence of heterocyclic base, type of virus and host cells.

Zhou S. Synthesis and antiviral activity of Z - and E -2,2-[bis hydroxymethyl cyclopropylidene]methylpurines and -pyrimidines: Second-generation methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides.

Synthesis and antiviral activities of methylenecyclopropane analogs with 6-alkoxy and 6-alkylthio substitutions that exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral activity against human herpesviruses. Chen X. Structure-activity relationships of S , Z aminopurine methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides. Variation of purine-6 substituents and activity against herpesviruses and hepatitis B virus.

Kern E. In vitro activity and mechanism of action of methylenecyclopropane analogs of nucleosides against herpesvirus replication. Synthesis and antiviral activity of 6-deoxycyclopropavir, a new prodrug of cyclopropavir.

James S. Cyclopropavir inhibits the normal function of the human cytomegalovirus UL97 kinase. Activity and mechanism of action of N -methanocarbathymidine against herpesvirus and orthopoxvirus infections. Quenelle D. Efficacy of orally administered low dose N -methanocarbathymidine against lethal herpes simplex virus type-2 infections of mice. Bernstein D. Efficacy of N-methanocarbathymidine against genital herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding and infection in guinea pigs.

Hostetler K. Alkoxyalkyl prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates enhance oral antiviral activity and reduce toxicity: Current state of the art. Blood Marrow Transplant. Wilson J. Jiang L. Lee E. Small molecule inhibition of Epstein—Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 DNA binding activity interferes with replication and persistence of the viral genome.

Gianti E. Aided Mol. Kawanishi M. Wang P. Antiviral activity of topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitors against Epstein—Barr virus. Gonzalez-Molleda L. Widman D. In vitro toxicity and efficacy of verdinexor, an exportin 1 inhibitor, on opportunistic viruses affecting immunocompromised individuals. Potential of protein kinase inhibitors for treating herpesvirus-associated disease.

Trends Microbiol. Vigano M. Lower incidence of cytomegalovirus infection with everolimus versus mycophenolate mofetil in de novo cardiac transplant recipients: A randomized, multicenter study. Hill J. A lower incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in de novo heart transplant recipients randomized to everolimus.

Kobashigawa J. Everolimus is associated with a reduced incidence of cytomegalovirus infection following de novo cardiac transplantation. Tan L. Everolimus delayed and suppressed cytomegalovirus DNA synthesis, spread of the infection, and alleviated cytomegalovirus infection.

Lin T. Inhibition of the Epstein—Barr virus lytic cycle by andrographolide. Uttekar M. Anti-HIV activity of semisynthetic derivatives of andrographolide and computational study of HIV-1 gp protein binding. Aromdee C. Stage of action of naturally occurring andrographolides and their semisynthetic analogues against herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro. Planta Med. Zhou B. Biological activities and corresponding SARs of andrographolide and its derivatives.

Wiart C. Antiviral properties of ent-labdene diterpenes of Andrographis paniculata nees, inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1. Yiu C. Inhibition of Epstein—Barr virus lytic cycle by an ethyl acetate subfraction separated from Polygonum cuspidatum root and its major component, emodin. Lee J. Lin H. Liu S. Chang L. Cui H. Potential antiviral lignans from the roots of Saururus chinensis with activity against Epstein—Barr virus lytic replication.

Hwang B. Lignans from Saururus chinensis inhibiting the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Lignan, sesquilignans and dilignans, novel HIV-1 protease and cytopathic effect inhibitors purified from the rhizomes of Saururus chinensis.

Cardiovascular effects of lignans isolated from Saururus chinensis. Anti-AIDS agents Moronic acid and other triterpene derivatives as novel potent anti-HIV agents. Chang F. Inhibition of the Epstein—Barr virus lytic cycle by moronic acid. Kurokawa M. Anti-herpes simplex virus activity of moronic acid purified from Rhus javanica in vitro and in vivo. Tung C. Inhibition of the Epstein—Barr virus lytic cycle by protoapigenone.

Cho H. Antiviral activity of angelicin against gammaherpesviruses. Yeh J. Anti-influenza drug discovery: Structure-activity relationship and mechanistic insight into novel angelicin derivatives. Miolo G. Antiretroviral activity of furocoumarins plus UVA light detected by a replication-defective retrovirus. In general, toxicity issues continue to be problematic in the anti-CMV arena, although newer agents have improved the situation to some extent.

In contrast, the safety of anti-HSV compounds has traditionally been excellent, establishing a safety standard that must be met by newer agents entering the field. Publication types Review. Substances Antiviral Agents Prodrugs. Methods: An extensive search of the medical literature related to antiherpesviral therapy was conducted to compose this narrative review. Literature searches were performed via PubMed and ultimately articles were included as most relevant to the scope of this article.

Findings: Herpesviruses are a family of DNA viruses that are ubiquitous throughout human populations and share the feature of establishing lifelong infections in a latent phase with the potential of periodic reactivation. With the exception of herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus, which have a significant disease burden in individuals with normal immune function, the morbidity and mortality of the remaining viruses are primarily associated with the immunocompromised host.